Dressage 盛装舞步【原文翻譯】

Sam，不好意思，由于前段时间太忙，今天才开始把些资料翻译出来，呵呵．不要见怪呀．

 

由于坛子里关于盛装舞步的内容相对不多，我就先翻关于盛装舞步的材料．以后会一直连载下去．

 

如果有翻译的不好或不对的地方，希望各位马友高人多多给我指点，小妹感激不尽呀．呵呵

 

特别感谢，Ｓam提供给我这些资料，并任由我自由发挥

呵呵，谢谢，我会尽力为咱们网站多做贡献，不辜负Sam 的一番好意．

 

 

本书由Ｒichard Davison 所著．

 

以下是第一章　盛装舞步成为国际运动的发展历程

 

第一小段

 

 

The fun and fascination of training dressage horses is certainly not a recent discovery .There is evidence of the Greeks’ participation in the Parthenon Prieze and also in the literature of Xenophon, the first great writer on horsemanship. Later, the Romans’ interest in horsemanship was diverted to more basic activities, such as chariot racing. The grace and discipline of dressage riding just did not seem to appeal.

 

人们很早就体验过调教盛装舞步马匹所带来的乐趣和享受. 从希腊人参加Parthenon Prieze比赛中便可得到证实, 而在第一位伟大的马术作家Xenophon的文学作品中同样可以找到例证. 随后, 罗马人出于对马术的兴趣, 开展了一些基础的马术活动，例如马拉双轮战车比赛. 盛装舞步的优雅和严谨看起来并不受人青睐.

 

The rebirth of dressage coincided with the upsurge of classical art and literature during the Renaissance period when, along with the general revival in cultural interests, dressage was established as an important activity.

 

盛装舞步与文艺复兴时期古典艺术和文学不约而同同时兴起. 伴随着文学的广泛复兴, 盛装舞步成为了一项非常重要的运动.

 

 

 

The development of the equine gymnast 马术马匹的发展

Young noblemen flocked to the Naples Academy of Federico Grisone, which was established in 1532. Here they discovered different methods of teaching horses to perform intricate and spectacular movements. Soon the fashion had spread from Italy to France, and for the following 300 year the Continental aristocracy immersed themselves in dressage.

 

年轻的贵族们蜂拥而至建立于1532年Naples Academy of Federico Grisone学院. 在那里他们发明了各种调教马匹的方法，使马匹能够表演各种精巧别致又引人入胜的动作.很快这一时尚运动便从意大利流传到法国, 在接下来的三百年里，欧洲大陆的贵族们完全沉浸在盛装舞步的乐趣里.

 

In Britain, thing were quite different. The lure of the chase in the pursuit of hounds and of the race course winning post commanded everybody’s attention.

 

在英国, 情况却很不相同. 几乎所有人都沉迷于骑马纵狗猎狐和马场赛马活动.

 

On the Continent, riding masters and trainers, often retained by the royal courts, evolved a logical and progressive system of training the equine gymnast. They found that encouragement, rather than threatening punishment, was the more effective means of securing a horse’s cooperation. Soon the sharp spurs, long whips and atrociously severe bits of early dressage training gave way to more humane equipment.

 

在欧洲大陆, 骑马大师和训马师, 由于经常受到皇家宫廷的聘请, 逐渐演化出了一套具有逻辑同时也不断进步的训练马术马匹的体系. 他们发现鼓励比起威胁性的惩罚, 是一种保证马匹与骑手合作的更有效的方法. 很快, 尖锐的马刺, 长鞭和非常残忍的衔铁逐渐被更加人性化的工具所取代.

 

 

 

Highlights of the horseman’s calendar were public displays, including the circus, where rivalry between training methods was keen. It was therefore a logical progression for these demonstrations to develop into dressage competitions as we know them today.

 

 

 

骑手们最辉煌的时刻就是公开的各种演出, 包括马戏团表演, 而在马戏团里,马匹的训练竞争非常激烈.

 

 

 

The modern Olympic Games were established in 1986 and at the 1912 Olympic Games, held in Stockholm, equestrian events, together with dressage, were included. Athough the dressage test was really one of basic control; it undoubtedly formed a foundation for future competition. By the 1936 Olympic Games, the standard of performance and the popularity of the sport had started to accelerate. The demanding movements of piaffe and passage were included and the Grand Prix test, as it is performed today, was already taking shape.

 

现代奥林匹克运动会确立于1986年，而1912年斯特哥尔摩奥运会便包括马术比赛和盛装舞步。虽然当时盛装舞步的比赛是非常基础的马匹掌控，但是毫无疑问，这为将来的马术比赛打下了良好的基础。到1936年奥运会，盛装舞步比赛的难度已开始大大增加，此项运动也日益流行起来。马匹原地踏步和正步都是要求动作，而大奖赛，正如今天所表演的一样，也已经开始成形。

 

 

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-12-7 13:41:12编辑过]

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   謝謝Ella  希望能持續下去

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非常感谢!期待下步内容! h4v6sY

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Dressage gets an international organization

盛装舞步纳入国际组织

An event of great importance for dressage, as for other equestrian events, was the formation of a new international administrative body, the Federation Equestrian International (FEI), 1921. Its purpose was not only to control the rules and regulation s of international equestrian competitions, but to develop equestrian sport, including dressage, on a worldwide basis. The fact that in today’ international dressage competitions we see representatives from all over the world –from Japan, New Zealand, Australia, Bermuda and a strong team from the United States, as well as from the longer established dressage countries- clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of the work of the FEI.

1921年新的国际权威组织--国际马术联合会（FEI）的成立，对于盛装舞步和其它马术运动来说具有非常重要的意义。国际马联的目标不仅在于管理各种国际马术比赛的规章制度，还在于在世界范围内推广包括盛装舞步在内的马术运动。在当今的国际盛装舞步大赛上，我们能够看到参赛代表来自世界各国—日本、新西兰、澳大利亚、百慕大、拥有马术强队的美国和其它盛装舞步历史悠久的国家。这一盛况正说明了国际马联的高效。

The FEI at work

国际马联的工作

Before a horse and rider can enter an international competition, they must first be recommended by their own governing body, known as their national federation, which in turn, must be affiliated to the FEI. An official passport, containing comprehensive competition details, is issued for each horse.

在骑手和马匹参加国际大赛之前，他们必须经由他们自己的管理机构，即国家马协推荐。而国家马协反过来，也附属于国际马联。参赛信息全面的官方护照将会派发给每匹马。

The FEI must approve every international competition. With the horses’ welfare always its top priority, the FEI demands strict standards of facilities and organization. Its concern for the horses’ welfare extends further than the competition arena itself, with veterinary examinations and supervision by official stewards constantly in operation in the stabling and warming up areas.

每项国际赛事必须经过国际马联的批准。由于马匹的福利始终是重中之重，国际马联对比赛的设备和组织有严格要求。它对马匹福利的关注不仅仅在于比赛场地，还必须有兽医检查和官方赛事监管的监督。赛事监管必须不断地对马厩和热身场地进行监管。

It is important that horses have as much rest as possible’ for this reason, the stables are regarded as a high security area, prohibited to members of the public and often even to members of the press.

由于国际马联对马匹福利的重视，马匹必须尽可能多的得到休息，这一点非常重要。马厩被认为是重点保护区域，对于公众，甚至对于媒体都是禁止的。

The night before each international class, an official draw takes place to determine the order of starting. All riders hope for a late draw and, as in every other competition, the team leader or chef d’equipe, who is not a rider himself, will attend this draw and any other meetings in order to keep his team fully briefed an to put forward the riders’ point of view.

每项国际比赛前一晚，参赛者进行官方抽签决定比赛出场顺序。所有的骑手都不希望自己早出场。而领队（本身不是骑手），将会参加抽签和任何其它会议，及时通知他的团队，让骑手时刻得到最新的信息。

The starting order will then be published. It is not unusual at international competitions, in order to fit two or three classes in on one day, for the timetable to start early in the morning, perhaps at 7:00 am, and not finish until late at night, sometimes as late as 11:00 or even midnight.

出场顺序随后便会进行公布。在国际赛事上，为了满足两或三项比赛在同一天进行，出场时间表将会在早上很早，比如上午7点公布出来，同时也会一直保留至晚间，有时甚至留至夜间11点，乃至午夜。

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-11-23 17:48:24编辑过]

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谢谢sam和ella，为大家提供这么好的资料，学习ing　

International judging standards in place 国际裁判的标准

Much effort and hard work goes into the training and upgrading of judges around the world. Although judges come from different countries and will have been trained through their own national training system, they will also have attended official courses run by the FEI. Each will hold different qualifications according to the standard of their judging experience.

世界各国为裁判的培训和升级提高做了大量的工作。虽然裁判们来自不同的国家，也已接受过本国培训体系的课程，但他们也必须参加国际马联举行的官方培训班。每次培训班会根据裁判们的执裁经验水平来设定不同的资格。

A candidate judge is the first step on the international judges’ ladder. The next stage is to become a fully qualified international judge, then an official judge. Official judges are allowed to judge at FEI championship competitions, that is Olympic, World and European championships and major finals.

国际裁判等级阶梯的第一级是候选裁判。更高一级是国际全面资格裁判，然后是官方裁判。官方裁判允许执裁各种国际马联冠军赛，既奥运会，世界和欧洲冠军赛，还有各种大型决赛。

 

Conscientious and hard working, judges take their responsibility as custodians of the classical art of dressage extremely seriously and their dedication is second to none. They realize that their job, at the topmost level, is not merely that of appraising equestrian skills but of evaluating the art of equitation itself, for it is important that the sport of dressage remains an art form. With the development of the Kur, or free style test to music, riders have been given a great opportunity to display their artistic skills in their interpretation of the music and development of interesting and elegant choreography.

裁判们尽职尽责，工作勤奋，就像监护人一样，严肃保护着盛装舞步这一古典艺术，恪守他们的职责。他们的贡献独一无二。他们意识到他们的工作，不仅仅是评价马术技巧，还在于评估马术艺术，因为盛装舞步仍作为一种艺术形式而存在。随着配乐盛装舞步的发展，骑手们有大量的机会展现他们在音乐理解上的艺术技巧，和这一优雅充满趣味编舞艺术的发展。

Judging the competition 执裁比赛 

Of the five judges in an international competition, two sit on the long sides of the arena, facing each other at the E and B markers, and three on the short side by the C marker. The test is divided into a series of movements, each movement being marked out of a maximum of 10.

在一场国际比赛的五位裁判中，两位裁判坐在长方形场地（20m×60m）较长场边，分别在E点和B点，两人相对。另外三位在较短场边，于C点就座。比赛由一系列的动作组成，每个动作评分标准总分10分。

比赛场地示意图，场地的大小，裁判的位置如图所示：

 

有５位裁判在场地不同的方位．如图是裁判长于Ｃ点回敬骑手的敬礼．他身边是他的秘书，官方场地看护和电脑操作员．

According to the composition of each test, certain movements are given priority by the inclusion of a co-efficient, in other words a multiplying factor, normally times 2. However, in the free style to music, the compulsory movements may be performed in any order and extra marks are allocated for artistic interpretation, suitability of the music and the degree of difficulty of the composition. The Kur is tremendously popular with audience around the word and is usually a sell-out event.

根据每一次比赛的组成，某些动作要根据一个系数优先考虑，换句话说就是根据一个倍数评分因素，一般情况下是两倍。尽管如此，在配乐盛装舞步中，规定动作可以按任意顺序完成，加分将会根据艺术诠释水平，音乐的匹配度，和整套动作的难易度来评判。配乐盛装舞步的比赛在全世界都相当受欢迎，比赛门票经常早早销售一空。

The technical tests are introduced in a logical prgression up from the easiest of the Prix St. George on to the more difficult Intermediare I and ii, to the Grand Prix, which is used in deciding  team competitions and finally to the highest test fro individual champions, the Grand Prix Special and the Kur.

盛装舞步这一技术性的比赛按照逻辑顺序从简到难依次进行，从最简单的比赛到圣乔治级别，再到更难的第一中级和第二中级，然后到大奖赛级别，这一级别的比赛用来决定团体赛资格，最后是最高级别的比赛，为个人冠军赛，即大奖赛特别赛事和配乐盛装舞步。 

After each competition the riders will receive a copy of the judges’ sheeets ,which contain their comments, criticisms and marks. Often a breakdown is prduced of the individual placing of each competitor by each judge. This allows the judges to see how their particular order and marks compare to that of their colleagues. Much constructive discussion takes palce between judges and also among judges, riders and their trainers.

在每场比赛之后，骑手们将会收到裁判们的表单，上面包括他们的评价，骑手的不足和分数。这能让裁判们知道相比于其他裁判的评价和分数，他们自己的是否合理。裁判们之间，以及他们和骑手，训练师之间会展开很多有建设性意义的讨论。

Often, members of the public may be confused by the differences in the total marks given by each individual judge; but one must remember that the judges at the side, at E and B, have a competely different veiwpoint from those at the short end and their attention is focused on quite different aspects of the performance. 

公众经常对每一个裁判给出的总分之间的差异感到困惑。但是人们必须知道，处于E点和B点的裁判，和在场地较短边的裁判们有着完全不一样的视野，他们的注意力往往集中在比赛其它一些方面。
    

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-11-28 18:41:47编辑过]

上面的图片是从书上扫描下来的，不太清晰．大家将就下啦．

红字部分是我不确定，也不太懂的地方．希望大家多提意见，非常感谢！！

怎么没有人理啊?

 大大姐啊！偶来顶顶你

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-11-29 17:22:47编辑过]

郁闷啊,难道自己发的贴自己顶?

呵呵,大家多给意见啊!