伴随你一生的马术训练六要素——柔软

1.Rhythm 韵律

2.Suppleness 柔软

3.Contact 联系

4.Impulsion 前进气势

5.Straightness 正直

6.Collection 收缩

世界上最好的骑手和调教师会告诉你好的训练是一层一层建立起来的，牢固又坚实。在特定顺序下这个基础由以上6要素组成。

所有这些要素合起来被称做训练准则，也被称为训练金字塔，德国训练准则，或者德国训练系统。如果你把它看做一个韵律在最下，一层层堆起的金字塔或许可以帮助你理解训练准则是如何在你的马匹调教中发挥作用的。



训练准则的这六步，没有一个是可以独立进行的。它们互相结合使用。训练的总体目标是调教出一匹通透的马，一匹在所有动作和转换时没有丝毫抵抗，愿意立即服从骑手辅助的马。准则适用所有的马与所有的马术运动项目，不是只针对马场马术而已。

柔软-弹性和放松

柔软，还有韵律，是初级训练时期的基本目标。即使有韵律，马还要能用背工作，肌肉不紧张，才能算是正确的运动。

柔软是贯穿训练的主题，一定不可以被忽略，要时常的检查并加强。

只有当马的生理与心理都不紧张时，它才能柔软的工作，充分发挥。

每一步，马身体两侧的关节都应该相等的弯曲与伸展。马应该传达出它的整个身心都投入工作的印象。

缺乏柔软会出现不同的形式，例如，背部紧绷、尾巴激烈的甩动、失去韵律、后肢没有活力、嘴巴紧张干燥扭曲。

柔软的指标有：

快乐的表情–不焦虑。

有弹性的步伐–肌肉组织具备顺畅流利的伸展和收缩的能力。



安静的嘴巴轻轻咀嚼口衔，保持弹性的联系。

摆动的背部和轻松的尾巴。



轻柔且有节奏的呼吸，显示马的精神和身体都放松。

确认柔软最好的证明是，当给缰时，马的颈部向下向前伸展，而不失去韵律或平衡。



Suppleness, together with rhythm, is an essential aim of the preliminary training phase. Even if the rhythm is maintained, the movement cannot be considered correct unless the horse is working through its back and he muscles are free from tension.

Suppleness is a central theme throughout the schooling. It should never be neglected and should be constantly checked and reinforced.

Only if the horse is physically and mentally free from tension or constraint can it work with suppleness and use itself fully.

The horse’s joints should bend and straighten equally on both sides of its body and with each step or stride. The horse should convey the impression that it is putting its whole mind and body into its work.

Lack of suppleness can take many different forms, e.g. tightness in the back, severely agitated tail, rhythm faults, hind legs lacking activity, a tense and dry mouth and crooked ness.

Indications of suppleness are:

A content happy expression – freedom from anxiety.

The elasticity of the steps – the ability to stretch and contract the musculature smoothly and fluently.

A quiet mouth gently chewing the bit with an elastic contact.

A swinging back with the tail carried in a relaxed manner.

Soft and rhythmical breathing, showing that the horse is mentally and physically relaxed.

The best confirmation and proof of the suppleness is that when the reins are given, the horse stretches the neck downward and forward to the bit without losing rhythm or balance.



来源：申申马术