Article 405: The Canter
| | 第405條： 跑步
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1. The canter is a three beat pace, where at canter to the right, for example, the footfall is as follows: left hind, left diagonal (simultaneously left fore and right hind), right fore, followed by a moment of suspension with all four feet in the air before the next stride begins.
| | 1. 跑步是一種三節拍步伐。以右跑步為例，落蹄的順序是：左後肢，左對角肢 (左前肢和右後肢同時動作)，右前肢，隨後是瞬間的騰空期，在跑下一步之前，四蹄全部騰空。
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2. The canter, always with light, cadenced and regular strides, should be moved into without hesitation.
| | 2. 跑步應當輕鬆、有節奏而且規律，運步毫不猶豫。
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3. The quality of the canter is judged by the general impression, i.e., the regularity and lightness of the pace and the uphill tendency and cadence originating from the acceptance of the bridle with a supple poll and in the engagement of the hindquarters with an active hock action – and by the ability of maintaining the same rhythm and a natural balance, even after a transition from one canter to another. The horse should always remain straight on straight lines and correctly bent on curved lines.
| | 3. 跑步的品質是從總體印象來判斷的，也就是運步的規律與輕盈，以及向上的傾向與節奏。這種表現是由於受銜，項部柔軟，與有力和後軀和活躍的飛節動作的推進造成的。還有保持運動節奏和自然平衡的能力，甚至從一種跑步移行到另一種跑步時，節奏也應當保持不變。直線運動時馬體應當始終保持正直，曲線運動時馬體應當保持正確的曲繞。
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4. The following canters are recognised: Working canter, Lengthening of Strides, Collected canter, Medium canter and Extended canter.
| | 4. 跑步可以分為調教跑步、步幅增長跑步、縮短跑步、中度跑步和伸長跑步等。
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| | 4.1. Working Canter. This is a pace between the collected and the medium canter, in which a horse's training is not yet developed and ready for collected movements. The horse shows natural balanced while remaining 'on the bit', and goes forward with even, light and active strides and good hock action. The expression 'good hock action' underlines the importance of an impulsion originating from the activity of the hindquarters.
| | | 4.1. 調教跑步 這是一種介於縮短跑步和中度跑步之間的步伐。是馬匹尚未訓練成熟，未準備好作收縮運動時的步伐。馬匹表現出自然的平衡，保持 '受銜' 姿態，運步均勻、輕盈而有活力，飛節動作良好地前進運動。 '飛節動作良好' 是指來自後軀的活躍的前進氣勢是非常重要的。
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| | 4.2. Collected Canter. The horse, remaining 'on the bit', moves forward with his neck raised and arched. The hocks, being well engaged, maintain an energetic impulsion, enabling the shoulders to move with greater mobility thus demonstrating complete self carriage. The horse's strides are shorter than at the other canters, without losing elasticity and cadence.
| | | 4.2. 縮短跑步 馬保持 '受銜' 姿態，前進運動時頸部抬高且弓彎。飛節保持富有活力的前進氣勢，有力的踏進，從而使肩部更加靈活，表現初完全的自我承載。馬的步幅比其他幾種跑步較短，但卻不失彈性與節奏。
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| | 4.3. Medium Canter. This is a pace between the working and the extended canter. The horse goes forward with clearly lengthened strides and impulsion from the hindquarters. The rider allows the horse to carry the head a little more in front of the vertical than at the collected and working canter, and at the same time allows the horse, to lower his head and neck slightly. The strides should be balanced and unconstrained.
| | | 4.3. 中度跑步 是介於調教跑步和伸長跑步之間的步伐。馬匹明顯的伸展步幅與後軀的前進氣勢向前。騎手允許馬頭的位置比縮短跑步和調教跑步時略伸出垂直線前方，同時也允許馬的頭與頸稍稍落低。步伐應該要平衡而且不拘束。
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| | 4.4. Extended Canter. The horse covers as much ground as possible. Maintaining the same cadence, the strides are lengthened to the utmost, whilst remaining calm, light and straight as a result of great impulsion from the hindquarters. The rider allows the horse to lengthen the frame with a controlled poll and to gain ground. The whole movement should be well balanced and the transition to collected canter should be smoothly executed by taking more weight on the hindquarters.
| | | 4.4. 伸長跑步 馬匹盡力跨出大步，並保持節奏不變，步幅伸展到最長，又毫不喪失沈靜、輕盈和正直，這是後軀巨大推進力造成的。騎手允許馬軀體伸展，但維持項部的控制，跨出大步。整體動作應當平衡良好，在移行到縮短跑步時，應當借助較多的體重落在後軀上，流暢地進行。
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| | 4.5. Lengthening of strides. In the test for four-year-old horses 'lengthening of strides' is required. This is a variation between the working and medium canter in which a horse's training is not developed enough for medium canter.
| | | 4.5. 步幅增長跑步 在四歲馬的測驗中有 (還有Novice級的測驗也有) 要求 '步幅增長跑步'。這是在馬匹的訓練還沒準備好做中度跑步之前，介於調教跑步與中度跑步之間的步伐。
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| | 4.6. Counter-Canter. The counter canter is a balancing and straightening movement that has to be executed in collection. The horse canters in correct sequence with the outside foreleg leading with positioning to the side of the leading leg. The hind legs should follow the track of the forelegs.
| | | 4.6. 反跑 反跑是一種平衡且正直的動作，必須以收縮執行。馬匹以正確的順序跑步，以外方前肢前導，馬體靠向前導肢一方，後肢必須跟隨前肢的軌跡。
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| | 4.7. Simple change of leg at the canter. This is a movement in which, after a direct transition out of the canter into a walk, with 3 to 5 clearly defined walk steps, an immediate transition is made into the other canter lead.
| | | 4.7. 簡易換腳 這個動作是由跑步直接移行至慢步，接著三至五步清楚的慢步之後，立即移行至以另一肢前導的跑步。
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| | 4.8. Flying change of leg or change of leg. The flying change is performed in one stride with the front and hind legs changing at the same moment. The change of the leading front and hind leg takes place during the moment of suspension. Flying changes of leg can also be executed in series at every 4th, 3rd, 2nd or at every stride. The horse, even in the series, remains light, calm and straight with lively impulsion, maintaining the same rhythm and balance throughout the series concerned. In order to not restrict or restrain the lightness, fluency and groundcover of the flying changes in series, enough impulsion must be maintained.
| | | 4.8. 飛快換腳或換腳 飛快換腳是在一步之間前肢和後肢同時變換的動作，在騰空的時候變換前導的前肢和後肢。飛快換腳也可以連續進行，每四步、三步、兩步或每一步變換一次。馬匹即使在連續換腳時也應當保持輕盈、沈靜和正直，有活潑的前進氣勢，在整個連續變換期間保持平衡，節奏相同。為了不妨礙連續飛快換腳輕鬆而流暢地進行，必須維持足夠的前進氣勢。 資料來源：馬術&馬
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