[原创翻译]Equestrian Riding Aids马术骑乘扶助（二）自然扶助之手的扶助

2. Natural Riding Aids 自然扶助

The natural aids that the rider uses are
the hand, leg, seat and voice aids. 自然扶助是指骑士利用手、腿、坐姿和声音进行扶助。

2.1 Hand Aids 手的扶助

The riders hand aids are used to
communicate through to the horse via the reins and then on to the bit. When the
rider takes hold of the rein there should be a light flexible tension called a
'contact', that is held through the rein to the bit which sits in the horses
mouth, this contact will make the rein stay in a straight line which if the
rider is sitting and holding the reins correctly then it will produce an
imaginary line that runs from the horses bit directly through the rein to the
riders little finger, wrist and then onto the elbow. The use of the hand aid
must always be used in conjunction with the riders leg and seat aids, the hands
themselves should stay raised above the horses wither and kept level with each
other without crossing over the horses neck.

骑士运用手的扶助，通过操纵缰绳拉动口衔，然后传递给马。当骑士手握缰绳时，应当感觉到所谓“联系”的那种有弹性的张力通过缰绳一直延续到马口中的衔铁。这种联系使缰绳始终保持直线，也就是说，如果骑士坐姿正确并正确握缰，马口衔顺着缰绳、骑士的小指、腕部一直到肘部呈一条理想的直线。手的扶助必须总是联合骑士腿和坐姿扶助一同使用，双手必须在髻甲上方保持相同高度，而且不得交叉压迫马颈。

2.1.1 The hands can produce: 双手扶助可以产生的效应：

1) Turning 转弯

When the riders applies a gentle squeezing
pressure to the rein, it will ask the horse to turn their head into that
direction.

当骑士轻轻向一侧拉缰，将会使马头转向该侧。

2) Halting 停止

By applying pressure on both reins
simultaneously, combined with the riders seat and leg aids providing energy a
halt will be produced.

双侧缰绳同时收缩，加上坐姿和腿的扶助产生的力量可以让马停下来。

3) Collection 收缩

By using one rein together with the seat
and leg, the outside rein is able to collect the horse by using the half halt
aid.

使用一侧缰连同坐姿和腿，利用外方缰实现半减却扶助能够使马收缩。

4) Balance 平衡

The rider should aim to maintain a light
rein contact to encourage the horse to stay in balance. A horse who is
unbalanced and in particular heavy on their forehand will lean on the bit and
the reins pulling the rider's arms forward.

骑士应学会始终保持一种对缰绳轻的联系而促进马匹保持平衡。一只失去平衡，特别是重心前移的马将靠在口衔上，把缰绳和骑士双臂向前拉。

5) Stretching 伸展

When the rider moves their hands in a
forward direction combined with the use of their leg and seat pushing, the
horse to remain engaged through their hindquarters and light on the bit thereby
allowing the rider to open out the horses neck and frame.Stretching can be used
when asking for free walk on a long rein or when opening the horses stride out,
for example when riding lengthened strides.

当骑士将双手移向前方，联用腿和坐姿推进，马会通过身体后部和松的马衔保持联系，骑士从而能够充分放松马颈和骨骼。伸展可在期望长缰自由慢步或加大步伐如伸长迈步时使用。

2.1.2 Types Of Rein Aid 缰的扶助方式

There are four types of rein aid that the
rider can use. 有四种缰的扶助方式可供骑士采用。

1) Direct Rein 直接缰

Is where the rider puts pressure directly
onto the bit by pulling the rein back towards them. This pressure should be
released as soon the desired result has been established.

是指骑士往后朝自己的方向拉紧缰绳，让压力直接作用于口衔。效果达到后应立即放松拉力。

（注1.直接缰最常用于英式马术）

2) Indirect Rein 间接缰

An indirect rein aid is where the rider
applies rein pressure by pulling backwards and inwards towards the horses neck
but without crossing over it. An indirect rein is most often used for lateral
work for example when riding the half pass.

是指向后内侧朝马颈对缰施加压力，但不超越马颈。间接缰最常用于侧方移动，如半通过。

3) Open Rein 开缰

The use of the open rein is often used with
young horses. Pressure is applied directly onto the bit via the reins with the
rider opening the rein in an outward direction to clearly indicate the
direction to the horse as opposed to asking for a halt for example.

开缰常用于年轻小马。压力通过向外侧开放缰绳直接作用于衔铁给马明确指示方向，例如取消命令马停止时。

（注2：开缰常用于hunting）

4) Neck Rein 颈缰

The rider holding both reins in one hand
applies pressure along the rein onto the horses neck instead of onto a bit to
ask for direction.

骑士用单手握住两根缰，沿缰绳施加压力于马颈引导方向而并非施予马口衔。

（注3：颈缰常用在西部马术中）

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