[原创翻译]Equestrian Riding Aids马术骑乘扶助（六）人工扶助：马鞭与马刺

Artificial Riding Aids 人工扶助

An artificial aid is a piece of equipment such as a whip or spur that the rider uses to backup a natural aid.

人工扶助指骑士利用工具，如马鞭或马刺，来增强自然扶助的效果。

1.Whip 马鞭

A whip is carried by the rider in their inside hand and they are available in a variety of lengths. Whips are used to back up the riders leg aid and therefore encourage the horse to move forward.

马鞭有不同长度可供选择，由骑士内方手执马鞭。马鞭是用来增强骑士腿的扶助效果，因此鼓励马向前迈进。

1.1 A dressage whip is around 3 feet long and more flexible than the other whips, allowing it to be easily used by the rider with a turn of the wrist, so that the whip applies pressure just behind the riders leg.

盛装舞步赛鞭约3英尺长，比其他马鞭的灵活性更高，以便骑士在手腕转动时使用，因此这种鞭施加的压力正好位于骑士腿的后方。

1.2 Short whips are sometimes also called crops and are around two feet long, crops are used in one hand by the rider just behind the riders leg and are most commonly used when jumping or hacking.

短鞭有时也被称为“麦杆”，约有两英尺长。骑士单手执“麦杆”正好可左右于骑士小腿后方，最常用于跨越障碍或消遣骑乘时。

1.3 A lunge whip is around 6 feet long and is only to be used by the trainer when lunging.

调教鞭大约6英尺长，仅在圈乘调教时由教练使用。

2. Spurs 马刺

Spurs are worn on the riders heel to give a precise leg aid to the horse. Spurs should only be worn by experienced riders as great damage can be inflicted on the horses side if inappropriately used.

Spurs are made out of stainless steel with the point varying in its design and length, for example most spurs permitted in competition have blunt ends that can vary in length, but there are some that have rowels (spiked wheels) instead.

马刺被骑士戴着脚后跟上，用来将腿的扶助精确传递给马匹。只有经验丰富的骑手才能佩戴马刺，因为不恰当地使用可以让马匹遭受莫大伤害。

马刺是由不锈钢制成，尖刺的设计和长度多有不同，例如被允许在比赛中使用的马刺多数是圆滑的钝刺，长度可以变化，但也有一些用齿轮马刺（有刺小轮）代替。

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